In the history of cryptography:

• Enigma machine, a machine for encrypting communications during World War 2.

In music

• Enigma (musical project), the musical project created by Michael Cretu
• Enigma (album), the 1996 sophomore release from Keith Murray
• Enigma (band), the 80's disco band
• Enigma Records, a music record label
• Enigma Variations, the musical work by Edward Elgar
• The Pernicious Enigma, a 1997 music album by Esoteric
• Enigma, a song by Trapt on their self-titled album.

In literature

• Enigma (novel), a novel by Robert Harris based on the cracking of the Enigma cipher machine
• The Enigma (magazine), a monthly publication of the National Puzzlers' League
• The Enigma of Arrival, a 1987 novel by Nobel laureate V.S. Naipaul
• The Enigma of the Gift, a 1996 work by Maurice Godelier, a French Social anthropologist

In television and film

• Enigma (2001 film), a movie adapted from the Robert Harris novel
• Enigma (1983 film), a movie starring Martin Sheen and Sam Neill
• The Enigma of Kaspar Hauser, a 1974 German film
• Enigma (Stargate SG-1), an episode from the science-fiction TV series
• Enigma (game show), a Finnish television show by Finlands Svenska Television
• Enigma: The Best of Jeff Hardy is a DVD showcasing the TNA career of Jeff Hardy
• The Fallen Enigma is an anime mini-series explaining the lives of three extraordinary children, written by Lindsey Dahl.

In comics

• Enigma (comic), a Vertigo/DC comic featuring a character called The Enigma
• The Riddler, an enemy of Batman who goes by the name of E. Nygma

In entertainment and computer software

• Ænigmafonts, prolific freeware computer font foundry by Brian R. Kent
• Enigma (chess), the chess engine
• Enigma (game), the computer game
• Enigma (Wing Commander), a fictional region in the Wing Commander universe
• Enigma Browser, a web browser
• The Publius Enigma, a puzzle in Pink Floyd's album, The Division Bell
• The codename for Red Hat Linux 7.2
• Enigma, a rune word found in Diablo II: Lord of Destruction